Totem animals are known mostly by the common Native American belief that everybody has an animal spirit (totem) related to her/his soul, basically your own personal totem animal is your guide and teacher, whatever it may be (not you pick one, it picks you), teaches you through its qualities and way of life how you can get along well in life, if you watch and study your totem animal's behavior and way of life carefully, and try to follow some of its ways in your human way, it can help you become yourself even more, and every totem animal represents certain human qualities too...
Totem animals are well known to the Native American medicine people (shamans), who turn to their own the most to seek answers to different questions...
Your totem can also help you through your dreams and meditation, astral journeys and other experiences, and you have to find out by yourself which is yours, which can be done in various ways, like what animal you were always most fascinated with, what animal you dream of the most, or what animal you bump into over your life...
One also has a shadow totem animal, often a creature you are really scared of, that totem's message you better try to accept, as it is hard for you to fight and get through with...
Basically nine totem animals are known to be in different aspects of our life, much like the planets in the different houses is western astrology, and they all help us and teach us in those different parts of life to grow spiritually better, and get to know ourselves...
To explain the basics...